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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer.

Anna Roth1, Sven Diederichs2

  • 1Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 (B150), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in lung cancer development and progression. Understanding their roles could lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Current diagnostic and treatment approaches face challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and chemoresistance.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of functional RNA molecules implicated in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of lncRNAs in lung cancer.
  • To explore the expression, regulation, biological function, and clinical relevance of lncRNAs.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on lncRNAs in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of lncRNA expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of the functional roles of lncRNAs in lung tumorigenesis pathways.
  • Assessment of clinical applications of lncRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are involved in epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional regulation.
  • They modulate key cancer pathways such as cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis.
  • Accumulating evidence supports their significant role in lung tumorigenesis.
  • lncRNAs show promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant area of research in lung cancer.
  • Further investigation into lncRNA mechanisms and clinical utility is warranted.
  • Integrating lncRNAs into clinical practice could improve patient outcomes and therapeutic benefits.