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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

42
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
42
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

137
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
137

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: current knowledge and open questions.

Israel Steiner1, Peter G E Kennedy2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel. isteiner@cc.huji.ac.il.

Journal of Neurovirology
|June 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system disease primarily affecting children. This review addresses knowledge gaps in ADEM

Keywords:
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitisInfectionMultiple sclerosisPost infectionViruses

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system disorder.
  • While primarily affecting pediatric populations, adult cases also require neurological management.
  • Current understanding of ADEM is limited by a lack of defined diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ADEM.
  • To identify and outline unanswered questions regarding ADEM's epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, course, prognosis, and therapy.
  • To highlight the need for combined clinical and basic research to advance ADEM understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on ADEM.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on ADEM.
  • Identification of research gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • ADEM is an acute, multi-focal, monophasic immune-mediated central nervous system disease.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding ADEM's epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, course, prognosis, and therapy.
  • Distinction and association between ADEM and multiple sclerosis remain areas needing clarification.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to elucidate ADEM's complexities.
  • Synergistic efforts in clinical and basic science are required to address knowledge deficits.
  • Improved understanding will aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for ADEM.