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Early-life influences on obesity: from preconception to adolescence
Mark L Wahlqvist1, Stephen A Krawetz2, Nico S Rizzo3,4
1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Insights
The global rise in obesity and diabetes, termed diabesity, is influenced by ecological, genetic, and intrauterine factors. These factors impact offspring
Area of Science:
- Nutrition and metabolic health
- Global public health challenges
- Developmental origins of health and disease
Background:
- The global double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition presents significant public health challenges.
- Obesity and diabetes rates have alarmingly increased worldwide since 1980.
- Over 40 million children under five were overweight in 2011, highlighting a critical pediatric concern.
Abstract:
The double burden of under- and overnutrition profoundly affects human health globally. According to the World Health Organization, obesity and diabetes rates have almost doubled worldwide since 1980, and, in 2011, more than 40 million children under 5 years of age were overweight. Ecologic factors, parental genetics and fitness, and the intrauterine environment significantly influence the likelihood of offspring developing the dysmetabolic diathesis of obesity. This report examines the effects of these factors, including preconception, intrauterine and postnatal energy balance affecting programming of transgenerational transmission, and development of chronic diseases later in life-in particular, diabesity and its comorbidities.
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