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Related Concept Videos

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Gene-environment interactions in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.

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  • 1aDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic bDepartment of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

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Genetic and environmental factors, including diet and gut microbiota, explain previously hidden heritability in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). System-based approaches offer new diagnostic and prognostic tools for IBD management.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has known genetic risk factors, but heritability is not fully explained by genome-wide association studies.
  • Rising global incidence suggests significant environmental influences on IBD development.
  • Unexplained heritability in IBD necessitates exploring gene-environment interactions and microbiome contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of host genome-microbiome associations in IBD pathogenesis.
  • To explore how environmental factors, such as diet, interact with host genetics to influence IBD.
  • To discuss the clinical translation of systems-based approaches for IBD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent aggregate evidence on host genome-microbiome associations.
  • Analysis of 'omics' technologies, data mining, and systems biology network analyses.
  • Emphasis on gene-environment interactions and their impact on IBD.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota composition is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors like diet.
  • Microbial shifts (dysbiosis) in genetically susceptible individuals increase IBD risk.
  • Hidden heritability in IBD is increasingly explained by environmental factors, epigenetics, and gene-microbiome interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Gene-environment interactions are crucial for understanding IBD.
  • Systems-based approaches are vital for developing improved diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring tools for IBD.
  • Clinical translation of these approaches promises better management strategies for IBD patients.