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Neurodevelopmental behavioral and cognitive disorders.

Shafali Spurling Jeste

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |June 4, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review covers common neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and autism, detailing their diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment. Advances in genetics and understanding brain development promise improved therapies for these lifelong conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass conditions affecting motor, social, language, and cognitive skills.
    • Commonly diagnosed disorders include ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability.

    Observation:

    • Abnormal brain maturation, preceding clinical symptoms, underlies these disorders.
    • Research focuses on identifying predictive biological and behavioral markers for early intervention.
    • Genetic advances, including whole exome sequencing, have identified numerous mutations and syndromes linked to abnormal brain development.

    Findings:

    • Genetic discoveries enhance understanding of atypical development mechanisms.
    • Identification of genetic variants allows for characterization of more homogeneous subgroups.

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  • Challenges persist into adulthood, including managing comorbidities and providing educational/vocational support.

    • Implications:

    • Improved understanding of neurobiology and developmental trajectories will drive treatment advances.
    • Mechanism-based therapies are being developed for genetic syndromes.
    • Targeted treatments may expand to nonsyndromic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders.