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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Loudness Context Effects in Normal-Hearing Listeners and Cochlear-Implant Users.

Ningyuan Wang1, Heather A Kreft, Andrew J Oxenham

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA, wang2087@umn.edu.

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Cochlear implant (CI) users experience loudness context effects differently than normal-hearing individuals. These findings suggest a reduced "induced loudness reduction" mechanism in CI users, impacting auditory perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Context effects in loudness perception are known in normal hearing, potentially indicating auditory system gain control.
  • Limited research exists on loudness context effects in cochlear implant (CI) users.
  • Understanding these effects in CI users can illuminate underlying auditory processing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate loudness context effects in CI users by examining the influence of an intense, long-duration precursor stimulus.
  • To compare loudness perception changes in CI users with those in normal-hearing listeners.

Main Methods:

  • Normal-hearing listeners heard narrowband noises, while CI users received pulse trains directly to their implants.
  • A 1-s intense precursor stimulus was presented, followed by a 50-ms silent gap, then a 200-ms target stimulus.
  • The target stimulus was followed by a 2-s silent gap, then a comparison stimulus to assess loudness changes.

Main Results:

  • Normal-hearing listeners showed significant loudness changes, consistent with prior research.
  • CI users also exhibited loudness changes, but the effect did not escalate with increasing level differences between precursor and target.
  • The magnitude of loudness change in CI users was less pronounced compared to normal-hearing participants.

Conclusions:

  • A dual-process hypothesis may explain the data, suggesting a diminished or absent "induced loudness reduction" mechanism in CI users.
  • The findings highlight differences in auditory gain control between normal hearing and CI users.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind altered loudness perception in CI users.