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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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MicroRNAs in cardiovascular ageing.

Timon Seeger1,2, Reinier A Boon2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
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MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate cardiovascular ageing. Specific miRs are altered during ageing and associated diseases, offering potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cardiovascular health.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators in physiological and disease processes.
  • Cardiovascular ageing involves complex molecular changes.
  • miRs play significant roles in the ageing of the cardiovascular system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specific roles of microRNAs in cardiovascular ageing.
  • To highlight miRs involved in ageing-related cardiovascular changes and diseases.
  • To explore the potential of miRs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular ageing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA regulation in cardiovascular ageing.
  • Analysis of studies detailing specific microRNAs (e.g., miR-34, miR-29) in vascular and cardiac ageing.
  • Discussion of microRNAs implicated in ageing-associated cardiovascular diseases.

Main Results:

  • Several microRNAs are differentially regulated during cardiovascular ageing.
  • Upregulated miRs (e.g., miR-34, miR-29) in vasculature and downregulated miRs (e.g., miR-34, miR-29, miR-18/19) in the heart are identified.
  • miRs are linked to ageing-related conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical in modulating cardiovascular ageing processes.
  • Specific miRs can serve as circulating biomarkers for cardiovascular ageing and related diseases.
  • Pharmacological targeting of ageing-related miRs presents a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical intervention.