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Sub-second pencil beam dose calculation on GPU for adaptive proton therapy.

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  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

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A new GPU-based dose calculation engine enables rapid, accurate on-line dose monitoring for proton therapy. This advancement supports adaptive radiotherapy by quickly calculating dose distributions, improving treatment precision.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Proton therapy offers superior dose conformity but is sensitive to motion.
  • Adaptive radiotherapy requires real-time dose monitoring for improved accuracy.
  • Current dose calculation methods can be time-consuming for on-line applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast, GPU-based dose calculation engine for on-line adaptive proton therapy.
  • To implement and validate a parallelized pencil beam algorithm for efficient dose computation.
  • To assess the accuracy and speed of the developed engine against established methods.

Main Methods:

  • A GPU-based dose calculation engine was developed from scratch using a pencil beam algorithm.
  • Algorithm steps were parallelized for efficient GPU architecture execution.
  • Application-specific modifications and a fast scatter-based kernel superposition were employed for speed.
  • Accuracy was validated against Monte Carlo simulations using the gamma-index.

Main Results:

  • The GPU engine achieved rapid dose calculation times (e.g., 0.22 s for a clinical plan).
  • High accuracy was demonstrated, with gamma-index passing rates of 99.2% (3%/3 mm) and 96.7% (2%/2 mm).
  • Performance was comparable to clinical treatment planning systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GPU-based engine enables fast and accurate on-line dose calculation for proton therapy.
  • This technology is suitable for implementing adaptive radiotherapy, enhancing treatment precision.
  • The engine's speed and accuracy represent a significant advancement in radiotherapy planning and delivery.