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Robust neuroprosthetic control from the stroke perilesional cortex.

Tanuj Gulati1, Seok Joon Won1, Dhakshin S Ramanathan2

  • 1Neurology and Rehabilitation Service and Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, and.

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Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can restore function after stroke. Research shows the stroke perilesional cortex (PLC) can support neuroprosthetic control, even with poor motor recovery, by adapting neural activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Intracortical brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) show promise for restoring motor function.
  • Current BMI research primarily uses subjects with intact cortical structures.
  • The stroke perilesional cortex (PLC) is a potential BMI target, but its suitability is uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the PLC's capacity for neuroprosthetic control and physiological plasticity in a rat stroke model.
  • To determine if the injured motor cortical network can support direct neuroprosthetic control.
  • To assess the impact of successful BMI control on abnormal neural oscillations in the PLC.

Main Methods:

  • Chronic electrophysiological recordings in a rat stroke model.
  • Analysis of neural firing patterns and network oscillations in the PLC.
  • Evaluation of volitional modulation and learning rates for neuroprosthetic control.

Main Results:

  • The PLC demonstrated abnormally increased slow oscillations that modulated neural firing.
  • Neurons in the PLC could be volitionally modulated to learn neuroprosthetic control.
  • Learning rates were comparable to intact animals and unaffected by electrode proximity to the stroke site.
  • Successful neuroprosthetic control reduced locking to abnormal oscillations.
  • Control was achievable even in animals with poor motor recovery.

Conclusions:

  • The PLC is a viable target for neuroprosthetic control, even in cases of poor motor recovery after stroke.
  • Neuroprosthetic control can induce beneficial physiological plasticity, reducing abnormal network activity.
  • BMI technology may offer a pathway to functional restoration for stroke survivors with significant motor deficits.