Timing readout in paper device for quantitative point-of-use hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based bioassays

This work describes a quantitative point-of-use hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based assay that integrates a simple timing detection motif with low-cost, portable microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The timing readout is based on the selective DNAzyme-mediated wettability change of paper from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Its utility is well demonstrated with sensitive, specific detection of K(+) ion as a model analyte in artificial samples as well as real human serum samples. This new method only requires a ubiquitous cheap timer (or a cell phone with a timing function) to provide quantitative results. It could offer new opportunities for the development of more peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme-based bioassays that are simple, affordable, portable, and operable by minimally-trained users for broad point-of-use applications especially in resource-poor settings.