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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

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[A man with multiple erythematous and hyperpigmented papules].

Svenna H W L Verhiel1, Lisette T Hoekstra

  • 1Maastricht UMC+, afd. Plastische Chirurgie, Maastricht.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|June 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A Syrian war patient developed keloids after metal particle injury. Treatment involved intralesional glucocorticoid injections and pressure therapy for this fibroproliferative scarring.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors resulting from abnormal wound healing.
  • They represent an overproduction of extracellular matrix, leading to excessive scar tissue formation.
  • Trauma, including penetrating injuries, is a known trigger for keloid development.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old male presented with multiple polycyclic papules.
  • The patient reported a history of bombardment exposure and direct injury from metal particles.
  • The lesions were clinically identified as keloids.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was diagnosed as keloid formation secondary to penetrating trauma from metal fragments.
  • Histopathological examination would confirm the characteristic features of fibroproliferative scarring.

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  • The observed lesions represent a significant cutaneous response to injury.
  • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for keloid development following combat-related injuries involving penetrating foreign bodies.
    • Effective management strategies for keloids, such as intralesional glucocorticoid injections and pressure therapy, were employed.
    • Understanding the etiology and treatment of keloids in diverse traumatic settings is crucial for dermatological practice.