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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification

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Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

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Correction for faking in self-report personality tests.

Lennart Sjöberg1

  • 1Center for Media and Economic Psychology and Center for Risk Research, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|June 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Faking in personality tests can be corrected using social desirability scales, removing approximately 90% of its effects. This method is crucial for accurate self-report personality assessments in high-stakes situations.

Keywords:
Self-report personality testcorrection for fakingfakinghigh-stakes testing

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Assessment
  • Personality Psychology
  • Measurement Theory

Background:

  • Faking, or response distortion, is a significant issue in self-report personality testing, particularly in high-stakes contexts.
  • Social desirability scales offer a potential method for statistically controlling faking.
  • Existing statistical models for faking require adaptation based on the specific properties of personality scales and their correlation with faking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply social desirability scales for correcting faking in self-report personality tests.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of statistical correction methods for faking across various testing scenarios.
  • To examine the relationship between the stakes of testing and the prevalence of faking.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of two novel social desirability scales.
  • Conducting four empirical studies, including one experimental study with instructed faking and honest responding.
  • Investigating self-report personality test data from job and school applicants.

Main Results:

  • The proposed statistical approach effectively corrected for faking, removing approximately 90% of its effects.
  • Faking behavior was found to increase in situations with higher perceived consequences of test results.
  • The variability of faking with stakes challenges the notion of social desirability scales measuring a universal personality trait.

Conclusions:

  • Faking in self-report personality tests is measurable and can be effectively corrected.
  • Statistical correction based on social desirability measures can mitigate the impact of faking by about 90%.
  • The situational nature of faking, influenced by test stakes, has implications for the interpretation of social desirability scales.