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Idiopathic disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in three infants

Jun Kido1,2, Tomoyuki Mizukami3,4, Osamu Ohara5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Chiba, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|June 6, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection can occur in healthy infants after vaccination. Caution is advised when administering BCG vaccines to young infants due to their immature immune systems.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is a common preventive measure against tuberculosis.
  • Disseminated BCG infection is a rare but serious adverse event, typically associated with underlying immunodeficiency.

Observation:

  • Three healthy infants aged 4-9 months developed disseminated BCG infection post-vaccination.
  • Symptoms included persistent fever, skin rash, and multiple chest nodules detected via CT scan 22-34 days after BCG inoculation.
  • Immunological profiles of affected infants, including T cell and neutrophil levels, were within normal ranges.

Findings:

  • Disseminated BCG infection can occur in infants with normal immune function.
  • Immature immune systems in early infants may increase susceptibility to disseminated BCG infection, even without pre-existing immune abnormalities.
  • Computed tomography is effective in identifying disseminated BCG infection manifestations.

Implications:

  • Healthcare providers should exercise caution when administering BCG vaccines to early infants.
  • Further research may be needed to understand the specific immunological factors contributing to disseminated BCG infection in immunocompetent infants.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial for infants presenting with symptoms suggestive of disseminated BCG infection post-vaccination.

Keywords:
BCGT celldisseminated BCG infectioninfantneutrophil

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