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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
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Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation.

Yong Yang1, Gening Jiang2, Peng Zhang2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433 China.

Military Medical Research
|June 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell death significantly impacts inflammation, influencing tissue health. Understanding cell death mechanisms offers therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
ApoptosisAutophagyInflammationNETosisNecroptosisPyronecrosisPyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cell death is crucial for regulating inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Effective pathogen clearance and removal of dying cells are vital for health.
  • Recent advances have deepened the molecular understanding of cell death and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary types of cell death associated with inflammation.
  • To highlight the intricate relationship between cell death pathways and inflammatory responses.
  • To identify therapeutic targets within cell death pathways for inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell death and inflammation research.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in cell death.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on inflammatory responses mediated by cell death.

Main Results:

  • Cell death pathways are intricately linked to inflammatory processes.
  • Various cell death types play distinct roles in inflammation.
  • Dysregulation of cell death contributes to inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Cell death is a key regulator and consequence of inflammation.
  • Targeting cell death pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases.
  • Further research into cell death mechanisms can yield novel treatments for inflammation.