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Updated: Apr 11, 2026
05:02
Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
Published on: October 2, 2018
13.4K
Listerial brainstem encephalitis--treatable, but easily missed
Summary
Listerial brainstem encephalitis (LBE) is a rare, rapidly fatal infection. Early detection and treatment are crucial for survival, as diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific symptoms and normal inflammatory markers.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Listerial brainstem encephalitis (LBE) is a rare but severe form of central nervous system infection.
- It progresses rapidly and is often fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
Observation:
- Six adult patients with LBE presented with a short prodromal illness followed by brainstem signs.
- Symptoms included cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, long-tract signs, altered consciousness, and apnea.
- Diagnosis was delayed in two cases, leading to adverse outcomes.
Findings:
- LBE diagnosis is challenging due to low clinician awareness and non-specific findings.
- Standard inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP, WBC) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are often normal or non-specific.
- Blood cultures, MRI, and clinical recognition are key diagnostic tools, as serological tests are unreliable.
Implications:
- Emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion for LBE in patients with compatible symptoms.
- Highlights the importance of early diagnostic interventions, including neuroimaging and blood cultures.
- Underscores the critical role of prompt treatment in improving outcomes for this severe neurological infection.
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