Cardio-Pulmonary-Renal Interactions: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Pathophysiology
• Biomedical Science

Background:

• Recent advancements have deepened the understanding of interdependent feedback mechanisms between the heart, lung, and kidney.
• Organ injury arises from complex maladaptive processes including neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of cardio-pulmonary-renal interactions and their associated pathophysiology.
• To frame the diverse spectrum of published observations using a multidisciplinary approach.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of state-of-the-art research on cardio-pulmonary-renal interactions.
• Multidisciplinary synthesis of findings on interorgan crosstalk mechanisms and clinical implications.

Main Results:

• Interorgan crosstalk can manifest acutely, chronically, or as acute-on-chronic conditions.
• Pathophysiological mechanisms driving organ injury include maladaptive neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, and abnormal immune signaling.
• Cycles of increased susceptibility and reciprocal progression characterize these interactions.

Conclusions:

• Assessment of organ functional reserve and biomarker utilization are key clinical strategies.
• These strategies aid in screening, diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and predicting disease recovery or chronicity.