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Paraxial Schematic Eye Models for 7- and 14-Year-Old Chinese Children
Shi-Ming Li1, Ningli Wang1, Yuehua Zhou1
1Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Insights
This study developed paraxial schematic eyes for Chinese children aged 7 and 14, detailing age and sex differences. These models are valuable for myopia research and cross-cultural comparisons in pediatric eye development.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Biometry
Background:
- Understanding ocular development in children is crucial for addressing refractive errors like myopia.
- Previous schematic eye models have limitations in representing diverse pediatric populations.
- The Anyang Childhood Eye Study provides valuable data on Chinese children's eye parameters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create three-surface paraxial schematic eye models for Chinese children at ages 7 and 14.
- To differentiate models based on sex (male and female) and refractive status (refraction-dependent and emmetropic).
- To analyze age- and sex-related changes in ocular biometric parameters.
Main Methods:
- Development of six sets of paraxial schematic eyes: 7-year-old, 7-year-old male, 7-year-old female, 14-year-old, 14-year-old male, and 14-year-old female.
- Inclusion of 2059 first graders (mean age 7.1 years) and 1536 eighth graders (mean age 13.7 years).
- Creation of both refraction-dependent and emmetropic eye models, with linear dependence of ocular parameters on refraction in the former.
Main Results:
- Aging from 7 to 14 years shows increased anterior chamber depth, decreased lens thickness, increased vitreous chamber depth, increased axial length, and decreased lens power.
- Male schematic eyes exhibit deeper anterior chambers, longer vitreous chambers, longer axial lengths, and lower lens power compared to female eyes.
- Increasing positive refraction correlates with decreased anterior chamber depth, increased lens thickness, decreased vitreous chamber depth, decreased axial length, increased corneal radius, and increased lens power.
Conclusions:
- The developed paraxial schematic eyes provide a valuable resource for myopia research in Chinese children.
- These models facilitate comparisons with pediatric populations of different ethnicities and geographic locations.
- The study highlights significant age- and sex-based variations in ocular parameters during childhood and adolescence.
Purpose:
To develop three-surface paraxial schematic eyes with different ages and sexes based on data for 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.
Methods:
Six sets of paraxial schematic eyes, including 7-year-old eyes, 7-year-old male eyes, 7-year-old female eyes, 14-year-old eyes, 14-year-old male eyes, and 14-year-old female eyes, were developed. Both refraction-dependent and emmetropic eye models were developed, with the former using linear dependence of ocular parameters on refraction.
Results:
A total of 2059 grade 1 children (boys 58%) and 1536 grade 8 children (boys 49%) were included, with mean age of 7.1 ± 0.4 and 13.7 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Changes in these schematic eyes with aging are increased anterior chamber depth, decreased lens thickness, increased vitreous chamber depth, increased axial length, and decreased lens equivalent power. Male schematic eyes have deeper anterior chamber depth, longer vitreous chamber depth, longer axial length, and lower lens equivalent power than female schematic eyes. Changes in the schematic eyes with positive increase in refraction are decreased anterior chamber depth, increased lens thickness, decreased vitreous chamber depth, decreased axial length, increased corneal radius of curvature, and increased lens power. In general, the emmetropic schematic eyes have biometric parameters similar to those arising from regression fits for the refraction-dependent schematic eyes.
Conclusions:
The paraxial schematic eyes of Chinese children may be useful for myopia research and for facilitating comparison with other children with the same or different racial backgrounds and living in different places.
