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Updated: Apr 11, 2026
06:51
A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
Published on: June 15, 2020
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[Thrombosed scapular intramuscular venous malformation: A pediatric case report]
A Fekir1, X Balguerie2, I Bardoux1
1Service d'imagerie pédiatrique et fœtale, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France.
Summary
A bulky venous malformation (VM) in a child caused functional disability. High D-dimer levels indicated thrombosis, prompting anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin for effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Vascular Malformations
- Pediatric Hematology
Background:
- Venous malformations (VMs) are common pediatric soft tissue masses, distinct from vascular tumors.
- Thrombosed VMs can lead to significant functional impairment.
- Early diagnosis and management are crucial for pediatric patients.
Observation:
- A 10-year-old boy presented with a large, thrombosed shoulder VM causing functional disability.
- Conventional X-rays revealed pathognomonic phleboliths.
- Echo-doppler confirmed the venous nature and identified areas suspicious for thrombosis.
Findings:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) delineated deep extension and non-calcified thrombi, complementing ultrasound findings.
- Elevated D-dimer levels suggested localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC) associated with thrombosis.
- Prompt initiation of anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was indicated.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of differentiating VMs from vascular tumors in children.
- Diagnostic imaging, including X-ray, echo-doppler, and MRI, plays a key role in characterizing thrombosed VMs.
- Monitoring D-dimer levels and utilizing MRI for follow-up are essential for evaluating anticoagulation efficacy and guiding treatment duration in pediatric patients with thrombosed VMs.
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