Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.4K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.4K
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

11.5K
11.5K
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

70.7K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
70.7K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.9K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.9K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

125
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
125
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

785
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
785

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genotype-phenotype interaction in Alzheimer's disease immune activation.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

An evolutionary timeline of the oxytocin signaling pathway.

Communications biology·2024
Same author

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in relation to cardiovascular biomarkers.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2023
Same author

Sex-specific associations between metabolic hormones, severe mental disorders and antipsychotic treatment.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2022
Same author

The age of violence: Mapping brain age in psychosis and psychopathy.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2022
Same author

Phenotype-informed polygenic risk scores are associated with worse outcome in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.7K

Polygenic risk scores in bipolar disorder subgroups.

Sofie Ragnhild Aminoff1, Martin Tesli2, Francesco Bettella2

  • 1Department of Specialized Inpatient Treatment, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|June 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A polygenic risk score (PGRS) for bipolar disorder (BD) differentiated patients from controls. Psychotic symptoms in BD were linked to higher polygenic risk, suggesting a potential new subtype classification.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderDepressionHypomaniaManiaPolygenic risk scorePsychosis

More Related Videos

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.9K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.7K
Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.9K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heterogeneous condition lacking validated biomarkers for subtyping.
  • Current classifications rely on clinical presentation, necessitating more objective methods for defining subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a BD polygenic risk score (PGRS) can validate existing BD subtypes.
  • To explore associations between PGRS and illness severity indicators in BD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed BD PGRS differences between BD subtypes and between BD patients and healthy controls (N=669).
  • Compared PGRS across diagnostic sub-categories, presence of psychotic symptoms, polarity of first episode, and age at onset.

Main Results:

  • BD PGRS significantly distinguished BD patients from healthy controls (p<0.001).
  • No significant PGRS differences were found for diagnostic sub-categories, polarity, or age at onset.
  • Patients with psychotic BD showed nominally higher BD PGRS than non-psychotic BD patients (p=0.019), trending significant after corrections (p=0.079).

Conclusions:

  • The BD PGRS shows potential for differentiating BD subtypes, particularly those with and without psychotic symptoms.
  • Differences in PGRS between psychotic and non-psychotic BD suggest distinct polygenic architectures.
  • Replication of these findings could impact future BD research, diagnostics, and clinical practice.