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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Gastritis, Enteritis, and Colitis in Horses.

Francisco A Uzal1, Santiago S Diab2

  • 1California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 105 West Central Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92409, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|June 7, 2015
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Diagnosing equine enteric diseases remains challenging, particularly identifying causative agents. Many disease-causing agents are also found in healthy horses, complicating diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Gastroenterology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Equine gastrointestinal issues encompass diverse inflammatory, infectious, and noninfectious conditions.
  • Gastric ulceration of the pars esophagea is a common form of equine gastritis.
  • Despite diagnostic advancements, identifying causes of many equine enteric diseases remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight challenges in diagnosing equine enteric diseases.
  • To address the complexity of identifying causative agents in horses.
  • To question the diagnostic significance of detecting enteric pathogens in clinically normal animals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic techniques for equine alimentary diseases.
  • Analysis of the prevalence of enteric disease agents in affected and healthy horses.
  • Critical evaluation of the etiological significance of detected enteric agents.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in diagnostic techniques for equine alimentary diseases has been made.
  • Difficulties persist in determining the specific causes of numerous equine enteric diseases.
  • The presence of enteric disease agents in healthy horses complicates etiological diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • The mere detection of enteric agents in equine intestines is insufficient for definitive diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate between pathogenic and commensal roles of enteric agents in horses.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies are required to accurately identify the causes of equine enteric diseases.