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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
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Reconsolidation or re-association?

Sue Llewellyn1

  • 1Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester, Manchester M15 6PB, United Kingdom. sue.llewellyn@manchester.ac.uk http://www.humanities.manchester.ac.uk

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Psychotherapy

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Memory reconsolidation is proposed as a mechanism for therapeutic change in psychotherapy.
  • The terms 'consolidation' and 'reconsolidation' lack specificity, potentially hindering understanding of brain mechanisms in therapy.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the neural processes underlying therapeutic shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a more specific neurobiological model for therapeutic change.
  • To introduce the concept of 're-association' as a potential mechanism.
  • To link therapeutic change to specific brain activity patterns during sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of memory consolidation and reconsolidation.
  • Integration of findings on rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep functions.

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  • Development of a theoretical framework for re-association.

    • Main Results:

    • The term 're-association' offers greater specificity than 'reconsolidation'.
    • Re-association involves memory linking during REM sleep.
    • Subsequent memory indexing and network formation occur during NREM sleep.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed 're-association' model provides a more precise neurobiological correlate for therapeutic change.
    • Understanding sleep-dependent memory processes can enhance psychotherapy.
    • This framework grounds psychotherapy in specific, testable brain science mechanisms.