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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Reconsolidation: Turning consciousness into memory.

Mark Solms1

  • 1Department of Psychology,University of Cape Town,Rondebosch 7701,South Africa.mark.solms@uct.ac.za.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Learning aims to improve predictions, not just store memories. Prediction errors, or surprises, bring information to consciousness, guiding us to better meet our needs.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Learning is often viewed as memory storage.
  • Consciousness is typically associated with explicit recall.
  • Prediction errors are key to updating internal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reframe learning as a predictive process.
  • To explore the role of prediction errors in consciousness.
  • To connect predictive processing to therapeutic goals.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis integrating cognitive and psychoanalytic concepts.
  • Examination of the function of consciousness.
  • Conceptualization of learning and memory.

Main Results:

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  • Learning's primary function is predictive modeling, not rote memorization.
  • Consciousness is primarily engaged by prediction errors ('surprises').
  • This aligns with Freudian concepts of memory and consciousness.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic processes like reconsolidation aim to enhance predictive accuracy.
  • Improving predictions is crucial for effectively meeting needs.
  • Consciousness serves to update the predictive model based on errors.