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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

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Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
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Pathogenic structural heart changes in early tricuspid regurgitation.

Naohiko Nemoto1, John R Lesser1, Wesley R Pedersen1

  • 1Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Early tricuspid regurgitation involves annular dilation and atrial enlargement before right ventricular changes. These early structural heart changes, particularly atrial volume and annulus size, indicate tricuspid regurgitation severity.

Keywords:
structural heart diseasetricuspid regurgitationtricuspid valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Imaging
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Severe tricuspid regurgitation involves annulus dilation and right ventricular enlargement.
  • Early stages and progression of mild tricuspid regurgitation remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural heart changes associated with mild, early functional tricuspid regurgitation.
  • To identify early indicators of tricuspid regurgitation progression.

Main Methods:

  • Cardiac computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiography were used in 622 patients.
  • Tricuspid annulus area and chamber volumes were measured and categorized by regurgitation severity.

Main Results:

  • Tricuspid annulus area correlated with regurgitation severity and atrial enlargement.
  • Mild tricuspid regurgitation showed annular dilation and less atrial enlargement than severe cases.
  • Annulus shape changed from elliptical to circular with increasing regurgitation severity.

Conclusions:

  • Tricuspid annular dilation and atrial enlargement are early events in mild functional tricuspid regurgitation.
  • Atrial enlargement precedes right ventricular dilation in tricuspid regurgitation progression.
  • Atrial volume and annular dilation are sensitive indicators of tricuspid regurgitation severity.