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Related Experiment Video

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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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A time space translation hypothesis for vertebrate axial patterning.

A J Durston1, K Zhu1

  • 1Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Vertebrates establish their anterior-posterior axis through a novel time-space translation mechanism involving the non-organiser mesoderm (NOM) and Spemann organiser (SO) during gastrulation, requiring Hox gene function.

Keywords:
BMPGastrulationHoxTime space translationXenopus

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Embryology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The mechanism of anterior-posterior (A-P) axis formation in vertebrates remains a long-standing unsolved problem.
  • Existing models suggest significant differences compared to Drosophila.
  • Understanding initial axial patterning is crucial for developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of initial axial patterning in the trunk of Xenopus embryos.
  • To explore the role of a time-space translation mechanism in vertebrate A-P axis formation.
  • To elucidate the involvement of Hox genes and their collinearity in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Xenopus as an amphibian model system.
  • Investigating timed interactions between non-organiser mesoderm (NOM) and the Spemann organiser (SO) during gastrulation.
  • Analyzing Hox gene collinearity and functionality through gene knockout experiments.

Main Results:

  • A time-space translation mechanism underlies axial patterning in the Xenopus trunk.
  • Sequential timed interactions between NOM and SO generate the spatial axial pattern.
  • Hox collinearity is essential, with NOM acting as a putative Hox temporal collinearity, generating a spatially collinear Hox pattern.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents evidence for a novel mechanism of A-P axis formation in vertebrates.
  • This mechanism relies on timed interactions and Hox gene functionality.
  • The findings offer new insights into a fundamental developmental process, highlighting the role of temporal collinearity in spatial patterning.