Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
15:16

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR

Published on: July 22, 2012

17.9K

Global age distribution of pediatric norovirus cases

Kayoko Shioda1, Anita Kambhampati1, Aron J Hall2

  • 1National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

Vaccine
|June 9, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Norovirus significantly impacts children under five, with most cases occurring between 6 and 23 months. Early vaccination by six months could prevent 85% of pediatric norovirus cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis
  • Public health

Background:

  • Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children globally.
  • Understanding the age distribution of pediatric norovirus cases is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify critical age periods for norovirus prevention in children under five.
  • To assess the impact of socio-demographic factors on pediatric norovirus age distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of publications reporting detailed age distributions of pediatric norovirus cases.
  • Analysis of age distribution patterns and their association with socio-demographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 70% of pediatric norovirus cases occur between 6 and 23 months of age.
  • Younger age distribution observed in lower-income countries and inpatient settings.
  • Early vaccination by 6 months could potentially prevent 85% of pediatric cases, compared to 50% if delivered at 12 months.

Conclusions:

  • An early norovirus immunization schedule, completed by 6 months of age, offers the greatest potential for preventing pediatric cases.
  • Targeting prevention efforts towards infants aged 6-23 months is critical.
  • Early prevention is particularly vital in lower-income settings due to a younger age distribution of cases.

Keywords:
Age distributionGastroenteritisNorovirusSocioeconomic factorsVaccineVaccines

More Related Videos

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces10:03

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces

Published on: February 6, 2017

20.5K
EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay11:09

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay

Published on: September 11, 2016

9.3K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
497
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
56
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
388
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
821
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
352
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
63