Co-evolutionary analysis implies auxiliary functions of HSP110 in Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum encounters frequent environmental challenges during its life cycle which makes productive protein folding immensely challenging for its metastable proteome. To identify the important components of protein folding machinery involved in maintaining P. falciparum proteome, we performed a proteome-wide phylogenetic profiling across various species. We found that except HSP110, the parasite lost all other cytosolic nucleotide exchange factors essential for regulating HSP70 which is the centrum of the protein folding network. Evolutionary and structural analysis shows that besides its canonical interaction with HSP70, PfHSP110 has acquired sequence insertions for additional dynamic interactions. Molecular co-evolution profile depicts that the co-evolving proteins of PfHSP110 belong to distinct pathways like genetic variation, DNA repair, fatty acid biosynthesis, protein modification/trafficking, molecular motions, and apoptosis. These proteins exhibit unique physiochemical properties like large size, high iso-electric point, low solubility, and antigenicity, hence require PfHSP110 chaperoning to attain functional state. Co-evolving protein interaction network suggests that PfHSP110 serves as an important hub to coordinate protein quality control, survival, and immune evasion pathways in the parasite. Overall, our findings highlight potential accessory roles of PfHSP110 that may provide survival advantage to the parasite during its lifecycle and febrile conditions. The data also open avenues for experimental validation of auxiliary functions of PfHSP110 and their exploration for design of better antimalarial strategies.