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[Reducing chloramines in drinking water].

F F Becker, U Janowsky, H Overath

    Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering
    |November 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Activated charcoal effectively removes monochloramine from drinking water through a first-order chemical reaction. This study provides data and a model to determine the optimal activated charcoal filter size for monochloramine degradation.

    Area of Science:

    • Water treatment chemistry
    • Environmental engineering
    • Material science

    Background:

    • Monochloramine is a common disinfectant byproduct in chlorinated drinking water.
    • Existing knowledge indicates activated charcoal can degrade monochloramine, but precise data for plant design is lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize different activated charcoals for monochloramine removal efficiency.
    • To establish a mathematical model for predicting monochloramine degradation rates.
    • To provide data for dimensioning dechloramination plants.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of four commercial activated charcoals (particle size, iodine number).
    • Experimental examination of monochloramine removal effectiveness.
    • Kinetic analysis of the degradation reaction (first-order).

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  • Development of a mathematical model and nomogram.

    • Main Results:

    • Activated charcoal degradation of monochloramine follows a first-order reaction kinetics.
    • Significant differences in reaction velocity were observed among activated charcoal types, influenced by granular size.
    • Final monochloramine concentration depends on filter contact time, temperature, and influent concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • A mathematical model accurately describes monochloramine degradation by activated charcoal.
    • A nomogram can be developed for practical determination of required activated charcoal quantities.
    • The study provides essential data for designing effective monochloramine removal systems.