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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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A General Approach to Sequence-Controlled Polymers Using Macrocyclic Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization.

Will R Gutekunst1, Craig J Hawker1,2

  • 1†Materials Department, Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new strategy for synthesizing sequence-defined polymers using relay metathesis. This method enables controlled, directional polymer synthesis with a novel "polymerization trigger" and sequence-defined units.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Controlled synthesis of sequence-defined polymers is crucial for advanced materials.
  • Existing methods often face limitations in scope and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel and general strategy for synthesizing sequence-defined polymers.
  • To enable controlled, directional polymer construction using a "polymerization trigger".

Main Methods:

  • Employing relay metathesis for ring-opening polymerization of unstrained macrocyclic structures.
  • Utilizing a small molecule "polymerization trigger" coupled with diverse sequence-defined units.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a new general strategy for sequence-defined polymer synthesis.
  • Achieved controlled and directional synthesis of polymers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed relay metathesis strategy offers a versatile approach to sequence-defined polymers.
  • The "polymerization trigger" is key to achieving controlled, directional polymer synthesis.