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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

7.3K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

231.8K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

2.2K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

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Diffusion on networked systems is a question of time or structure.

Jean-Charles Delvenne1, Renaud Lambiotte2, Luis E C Rocha3

  • 1ICTEAM and CORE, University of Louvain, 4 Avenue Lemaître, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.

Nature Communications
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Network science explores complex systems, but often ignores time. This study introduces a new model for dynamics on temporal networks, revealing how time and structure impact diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Network Science
  • Complex Systems Dynamics
  • Statistical Physics

Background:

  • Network science traditionally models systems as static, neglecting temporal dynamics.
  • Community structures in static networks influence diffusion processes.
  • Ignoring temporal aspects limits understanding of real-world complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generalized formalism for linear dynamics on complex networks that incorporates temporal event timings.
  • To investigate how network community structure and temporal waiting time properties affect diffusion dynamics.
  • To identify key mechanisms (network structure, burstiness, fat tails) governing relaxation times in temporal networks.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a generalized formalism for linear dynamics on complex networks.
  • Incorporated statistical properties of event timings and waiting times.
  • Analyzed stochastic processes on temporal networks, specifically relaxation times.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion dynamics are significantly influenced by both network community structure and temporal waiting time properties.
  • Identified network structure, burstiness, and fat tails of waiting times as primary determinants of relaxation times.
  • Demonstrated that temporal heterogeneities can necessitate detailed models, while sometimes fine-scale structure can be simplified.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal properties are crucial for accurately describing dynamics on complex networks.
  • The interplay between network structure and temporal features dictates system relaxation.
  • Provides criteria for simplifying or detailing dynamic models based on temporal heterogeneity.