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Giacinto Libertini1

  • 1Independent Researcher, Member of ISEB (Italian Society of Evolutionary Biology), Italy. giacinto.libertini@tin.it.

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Aging research explores two theories: natural selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging, defined as declining fitness and increasing mortality with age, is explained by two opposing paradigms.
  • The first paradigm posits natural selection's inability to maintain fitness over time.
  • The second suggests natural selection favors lifespan-limiting mechanisms under specific ecological pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate empirical data and theoretical considerations against predictions of two aging paradigms.
  • To determine which paradigm better explains observed aging phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of empirical data with theoretical predictions.
  • Assessment of theoretical considerations, including non-universality of aging, inter-specific variation, caloric restriction effects, and cell senescence.

Main Results:

  • Empirical data and theoretical considerations strongly contradict the first paradigm (natural selection's inability to maintain fitness).
  • Observed aging phenomena are consistent with the second paradigm (natural selection favoring lifespan-limiting mechanisms).

Conclusions:

  • The study falsifies theories suggesting natural selection cannot maintain fitness with age.
  • Evidence supports the paradigm that natural selection actively promotes lifespan-limiting mechanisms in certain conditions.