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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Use of Rotorod as a Method for the Qualitative Analysis of Walking in Rat
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What did we learn from Riata™?

Avi Fischer1, C Jenney

  • 1St. Jude Medical, 15900 Valley View Court, 91342, Sylmar, CA, USA, afischer@sjm.com.

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Riata ST™ (7 Fr) silicone leads show significantly less conductor externalization than Riata™ (8 Fr) leads. Most leads with externalized conductors did not experience electrical issues.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Riata™ and Riata ST™ silicone leads are associated with insulation abrasion, leading to externalized conductors (EC).
  • Design differences between 8 Fr and 7 Fr leads may influence the likelihood of conductor externalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the design of Riata™ and Riata ST™ leads.
  • To detail the mechanisms and failure rates of these leads.
  • To provide patient management recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • The Riata Lead Evaluation Study (RLES) assessed the prevalence of externalized conductors (EC).
  • Electrical abnormalities were evaluated in leads with and without EC.
  • Statistical analysis compared EC prevalence between Riata™ and Riata ST™ leads.

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Main Results:

  • Prevalence of EC was significantly lower in Riata ST™ (7 Fr) leads (9.3%) compared to Riata™ (8 Fr) leads (24.2%).
  • The majority of leads with EC did not exhibit electrical malfunction.
  • P-value < 0.001 indicated a statistically significant difference.

Conclusions:

  • Riata ST™ leads demonstrate a lower incidence of conductor externalization compared to Riata™ leads.
  • Externalized conductors do not invariably lead to electrical malfunction.
  • Understanding lead design and failure mechanisms is crucial for patient management.