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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.3K
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

6.2K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
6.2K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.6K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

5.1K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
5.1K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

5.6K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
5.6K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.8K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

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Autophagy in autoimmune disease.

Zhen Yang1, Jörg J Goronzy, Cornelia M Weyand

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Building Rm 2225, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process, is vital for immune function and preventing autoimmune diseases. Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to inflammatory conditions like lupus and inflammatory bowel disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading damaged components, crucial for cell survival and stress response.
  • It plays a critical role in immune system functions, including antigen presentation and pathogen removal.
  • Optimal autophagic activity is essential for balancing cellular repair and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of autophagy in the immune system and its connection to autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate how dysregulation of autophagy contributes to inflammatory conditions.
  • To highlight the potential of targeting autophagy for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autophagy and its role in immunity.

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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells

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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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  • Analysis of genetic studies linking autophagy-related genes to autoimmune disease predisposition.
  • Examination of research on the impact of autophagy defects on immune cell survival and inflammation.

    • Main Results:

    • Autophagy is implicated in various immune processes, including immune cell survival and inflammation control.
    • Polymorphisms in autophagy-related genes are associated with increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    • Defects in autophagy are linked to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

    Conclusions:

    • Dysfunctional autophagy is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
    • Targeting autophagy pathways offers a promising therapeutic strategy for managing autoimmune conditions.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking autophagy defects to chronic inflammation.