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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

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Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
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Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

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Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Products of the Citric Acid Cycle00:53

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The cells of most organisms—including plants and animals—obtain usable energy through aerobic respiration, the oxygen-requiring version of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration consists of four major stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The third major stage, the citric acid cycle, is also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide.

Jiafu Shi1, Yanjun Jiang, Zhongyi Jiang

  • 1Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. zhyjiang@tju.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Enzymatic conversion offers a green pathway for carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization, inspired by cellular metabolism. This review explores enzymatic systems for efficient CO2 capture and conversion into valuable products.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Green Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Rising fossil fuel consumption and atmospheric CO2 levels pose significant environmental challenges.
  • Efficient CO2 capture, sequestration, and utilization are crucial for sustainable energy and resource management.
  • Converting CO2 into fuels, chemicals, or materials presents a dual solution for reducing CO2 concentration and optimizing carbon resource exploitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a background on enzymatic CO2 conversion.
  • To explore six cellular CO2 metabolic pathways as inspiration for in vitro enzymatic systems.
  • To review state-of-the-art single and multienzyme systems for CO2 catalytic conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing natural CO2 metabolic pathways in cells.
  • Analyzing single-enzyme systems for CO2 conversion.
  • Investigating multienzyme systems for enhanced CO2 conversion efficiency.
  • Highlighting novel materials and approaches for improving enzyme activity and stability.

Main Results:

  • Enzymatic methods offer superior selectivity and greener alternatives compared to chemical, photochemical, or electrochemical approaches.
  • Inspiration from cellular metabolism enables the design of effective in vitro enzymatic CO2 conversion systems.
  • Advancements in single and multienzyme systems show promise for efficient CO2 utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic CO2 conversion is a potent and selective strategy for addressing climate change and resource management.
  • Further research into advanced enzymatic systems and materials will enhance catalytic efficiency and stability.
  • This review provides insights into current progress and future directions for enzymatic CO2 capture, sequestration, and utilization.