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Related Concept Videos

Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

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The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

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Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
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Tissues01:18

Tissues

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Cells with similar structure and function are grouped into tissues. A group of tissues with a specialized function is called an organ. There are four main types of tissue in vertebrates: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
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CUBIC Protocol Visualizes Protein Expression at Single Cell Resolution in Whole Mount Skin Preparations
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Cell biology: More than skin deep.

Elaine Fuchs1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Cheumers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell research explores tissue formation and maintenance, revealing nature's complex challenges and surprises. This field continually pushes the boundaries of cell biology knowledge.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for tissue development and homeostasis.
  • Understanding stem cell mechanisms is fundamental to regenerative medicine and disease research.
  • The study of stem cells intersects with numerous areas of cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental processes by which stem cells create and sustain tissues.
  • To explore the novel biological questions and challenges encountered in stem cell research.
  • To highlight the dynamic and often surprising nature of stem cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of stem cell behavior in vivo and in vitro.
  • Comparative analyses across different stem cell types and tissue contexts.

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  • Integration of data from various cell biology techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Stem cell-mediated tissue maintenance involves complex, multi-faceted biological processes.
    • Unexpected cellular behaviors and interactions frequently arise in stem cell systems.
    • The field presents ongoing challenges that drive innovation in biological research.

    Conclusions:

    • Stem cell biology is a rapidly evolving field with significant implications for understanding life.
    • Continued investigation into stem cell mechanisms is essential for future biological discoveries.
    • Nature's surprises in stem cell research offer unique opportunities for scientific advancement.