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Errors in Global Positioning System

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Region-Based Collision Avoidance Beaconless Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks.

JeongCheol Lee1, HoSung Park2, SeokYoon Kang3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jclee0333@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a region-based beaconless geographic routing protocol to prevent duplicate data packets and improve forwarding in irregular sensor networks. The new method enhances packet delivery and reduces delays compared to existing protocols.

Keywords:
beaconless geographic routing protocolregion-based collision avoidancewireless sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Network Routing Protocols

Background:

  • Beaconless geographic routing protocols are popular for location exchange without beacons.
  • Existing protocols suffer from duplicate packets and are unsuitable for irregular sensor fields with voids.
  • Forwarding failures and packet duplication hinder performance in random sensor networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a region-based collision avoidance beaconless geographic routing protocol.
  • To enhance forwarding opportunities and prevent packet duplication in randomly-deployed sensor networks.
  • To address limitations of existing protocols in irregular sensor fields.

Main Methods:

  • A region-based collision avoidance strategy is introduced.
  • Contention priorities are assigned to nodes within the greedy area.
  • Utilizes mutually-communicable nodes and other neighbors for data forwarding.

Main Results:

  • Eliminates packet duplication by enabling all neighbor nodes in the greedy area to forward data.
  • Increases the packet delivery ratio.
  • Shortens the end-to-end delay.
  • Demonstrates improved performance over comparative protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed protocol effectively prevents packet duplication and forwarding failures in irregular sensor fields.
  • It enhances the efficiency of beaconless geographic routing in wireless sensor networks.
  • Offers a viable solution for practical, real-world sensor network deployments.