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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

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Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly...
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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Ammonia-based intermittent aeration control optimized for efficient nitrogen removal.

Pusker Regmi1, Ryder Bunce2, Mark W Miller3

  • 1Brown and Caldwell, 1600 Duke Street, Suite 310, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314. pregm001@gmail.com.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|June 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimized nitrogen removal using intermittent aeration controlled by ammonia levels. This method achieved high removal rates with reduced retention times and no need for extra carbon or alkalinity.

Keywords:
NOB out-selectionammonia-based aeration controlnitritation-denitritation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Efficient nitrogen removal is crucial for wastewater treatment.
  • Conventional methods often require significant carbon and alkalinity supplements.
  • Optimizing aeration control can enhance process efficiency and reduce operational costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an intermittently aerated pilot-scale process for efficient nitrogen removal.
  • To optimize supplemental carbon and alkalinity requirements.
  • To investigate an ammonia-based aeration control strategy for enhanced nitrogen removal.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot-scale reactor (0.45 m³) was operated with intermittent aeration.
  • Aeration cycles were controlled based on effluent ammonia concentration set-points, adjusting aerobic and anoxic times.
  • A fixed dissolved oxygen (DO) set-point was maintained, while aerobic solids retention time (SRT) was controlled independently.

Main Results:

  • The process achieved a total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal rate of 95 ± 30 mgN/L/d.
  • TIN removal efficiency reached up to 91%, with effluent TIN averaging 9.6 ± 4.4 mgN/L.
  • The system demonstrated effective nitrogen removal at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hours and SRT of 5-10 days, without supplemental carbon or alkalinity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed on-line aeration control strategy effectively optimizes nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
  • This approach allows for high nitrogen removal rates at low HRT and reduced SRT.
  • The method eliminates the need for supplemental carbon and alkalinity, offering a cost-effective solution.