Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.0K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.0K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.7K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.5K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.6K
No description available
6.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Method for Fabricating Long Decellularized Scaffolds from Skeletal Muscle.

Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods·2026
Same author

Resolution Biology in Soft Tissue Joint Disease.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same author

Thermo-mobility coupling: continuous knee temperature-step interaction patterns predict functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty.

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie·2026
Same author

Humanoid Robotic Loading Enhances Mechanotransduction in Tendon Tissue Engineering.

Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Symptom Duration-Dependent Protein Abundance Changes in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Tendons in Early Stage Unilateral Patellar Tendinopathy.

Journal of proteome research·2026
Same author

Tendon Omics: A Survey-Based Perspective on Obstacles and Opportunities.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

Published on: July 8, 2021

4.5K

Translating Regenerative Biomaterials Into Clinical Practice.

Edward T Stace1,2, Stephanie G Dakin1,2, Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy1,2

  • 1National Institute of Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|June 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Rising healthcare costs for musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases demand new solutions. Biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) offer potential, but overcoming translation barriers is key for clinical success.

More Related Videos

A Multi-Cue Bioreactor to Evaluate the Inflammatory and Regenerative Capacity of Biomaterials under Flow and Stretch
07:51

A Multi-Cue Bioreactor to Evaluate the Inflammatory and Regenerative Capacity of Biomaterials under Flow and Stretch

Published on: December 10, 2020

6.1K
Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

Published on: July 8, 2021

4.5K
A Multi-Cue Bioreactor to Evaluate the Inflammatory and Regenerative Capacity of Biomaterials under Flow and Stretch
07:51

A Multi-Cue Bioreactor to Evaluate the Inflammatory and Regenerative Capacity of Biomaterials under Flow and Stretch

Published on: December 10, 2020

6.1K
Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Disease Treatment

Background:

  • Global healthcare spending is unsustainably increasing, particularly for musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases.
  • The MSK disease burden in the US has doubled in 15 years, exacerbated by aging and obesity.
  • Despite research, novel therapies for MSK diseases remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development and translation of new treatments for MSK diseases.
  • To identify barriers hindering the clinical translation of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies.
  • To enhance the efficiency of biomaterial translation by increasing researcher awareness of complexities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current challenges in translating scientific advancements to clinical treatments.
  • Analysis of the specific hurdles in biomaterial-based TERM for MSK conditions.
  • Identification of clinical, financial, and regulatory barriers.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterial-based TERM strategies show promise for cost-effective MSK disease treatments.
  • Significant difficulties exist in translating TERM scientific developments into clinical applications.
  • Existing barriers have substantially limited the clinical translation of TERM science.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and proactively addressing translation barriers is crucial for researchers.
  • Prospective consideration of clinical, financial, and regulatory hurdles can prevent delays in treatment development.
  • Enhanced awareness among researchers can improve the efficiency of biomaterial translation for MSK conditions.