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Experimental Q fever in sheep.

S P Martinov¹, P Neikov, G V Popov

¹Central Research Veterinary Medical Institute, National Reference Laboratory of Chlamydial and Rickettsial Infections, Sofia, Bulgaria.

European Journal of Epidemiology

|December 1, 1989

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Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant ewes caused fever and latent illness, leading to unviable lambs. Pathological changes included placentitis and organ inflammation, with rickettsiae found in placental cells.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Pathology

Background:

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is a bacterium known to cause Q fever in humans and animals.
Pregnant animals are particularly susceptible to severe C. burnetii infections, which can lead to reproductive losses.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively investigate the effects of experimental C. burnetii infection in pregnant ewes.
To characterize the clinical, serological, biological, histological, and ultrastructural changes associated with the infection.

Main Methods:

Four pregnant ewes were experimentally infected with C. burnetii.
Clinical observations, serological testing (Complement Fixation test), biological assays, histological examination, and Electron microscopy were employed.

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Main Results:

Infected ewes exhibited a biphasic fever, clinical signs (torpidity, reduced appetite, conjunctivitis, etc.), and latent infection.
All lambs were unviable (three died within 24 hours, one stillborn) showing symptoms like cachexia and arthritis.
Pathomorphological changes included placentitis, lymphocellular proliferation in organs, thrombosis, pneumonia, and rickettsiae identified in placental leukocytes and epithelial cells via Electron microscopy.

Conclusions:

Experimental C. burnetii infection in pregnant ewes results in significant reproductive failure and pathological changes.
The study highlights the severe impact of Q fever on ovine pregnancy and fetal development.
Electron microscopy is valuable for detecting C. burnetii in affected tissues.