Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

8.0K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
8.0K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.6K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.6K
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

335
Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
335
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

483
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
483
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

553
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
553
Halo Effect01:27

Halo Effect

707
The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
707

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Re-establishing Confidence in Confidence Intervals: An Evaluation of Recent Practices in Sport Injury Epidemiology.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026
Same author

The risk of subsequent concussion in adolescent ice hockey players with ≥2 concussions.

Journal of science and medicine in sport·2026
Same author

Identification of the causal odds ratio in test negative designs.

International journal of epidemiology·2026
Same author

Unifying to Advance Understanding: Collaborative, Community-Driven and 'Open' Approaches for Better Science in Sport.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026
Same author

The interventionist approach can address questions related to causes of effects if causes are considered as states instead of interventions.

Observational studies·2026
Same author

Introducing a new "Preliminary Report" submission category for small-sample intervention studies: viewpoints from external experts.

Science & medicine in football·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.4K

Structural Approach to Bias in Meta-analyses.

Ian Shrier1

  • 1Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ian.shrier@mcgill.ca.

Research Synthesis Methods
|June 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bias-adjusted meta-analysis tools may introduce bias. Causal diagrams show the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool applies to randomized and non-randomized studies with minor modifications.

Keywords:
biasdiagrammeta‐analyses

More Related Videos

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.4K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology
  • Medical Research Methodology

Background:

  • Methods for bias-adjusted estimates in meta-analyses are increasingly utilized.
  • The structural approach to bias and causal diagrams offers a framework for evaluating these methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that current bias-adjusted estimating tools may inadvertently introduce bias.
  • To assess the applicability of the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool to non-randomized studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized causal diagrams to illustrate potential biases in both randomized and non-randomized studies.
  • Examined the structure of biases and their applicability to different study designs.
  • Assessed the limitations of current bias-adjustment methods for meta-analyses.

Main Results:

  • Current bias-adjusted estimating tools can sometimes introduce bias.
  • The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool is adaptable for non-randomized studies with minimal changes.
  • Causal diagrams highlight limitations in developing bias-adjusted estimates for meta-analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Causal diagrams are valuable for understanding bias in meta-analyses.
  • The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool can be effectively applied to non-randomized study designs.
  • Careful consideration of adjustment sets is crucial when conducting meta-analyses of non-randomized studies.