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Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

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Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
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Electroencephalography and Brain MRI Patterns in Encephalopathy.

Angela Wabulya1, Ronald P Lesser2, Rafael Llinas2

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Electroencephalography (EEG) and MRI findings in encephalopathy were compared. Paroxysmal synchronous discharges (PSDs) occurred with either gray or subcortical gray matter abnormalities, not necessarily both, and polymorphic delta activity (PDA) correlated with white matter issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Previous research linked electroencephalography (EEG) findings in diffuse encephalopathy to specific brain pathologies.
  • Paroxysmal synchronous discharges (PSDs) were associated with combined cortical gray (CG) and subcortical gray (SCG) matter pathology.
  • Polymorphic delta activity (PDA) was linked to white matter pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare EEG findings with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with encephalopathy.
  • To determine if MRI findings correlate with EEG patterns similarly to previous histological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case control study involving 52 patients with encephalopathy and 50 controls.
  • Review of clinical, EEG, and MRI data collected within 4 days of each other.

Main Results:

  • Background slowing was the most common EEG finding (96.1%) in encephalopathy.
  • Paroxysmal synchronous discharges (PSDs) were observed in 13.5% of cases, associated with either CG or SCG abnormalities, but not requiring a combination.
  • Polymorphic delta activity (PDA) was found in 28.9% of patients with white matter abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • EEG-based PSDs in encephalopathy can be associated with isolated CG or SCG MRI abnormalities.
  • PDA on EEG correlates with white matter MRI abnormalities, consistent with prior research.
  • MRI findings can reflect pathological EEG correlations in encephalopathy.