Photoluminescent Detection of Nitrite with Carbon Nanodots Prepared by Microwave-assisted Synthesis

A photoluminescent detection method for nitrite with high selectivity and sensitivity using carbon nanodots (CNDs) is demonstrated. The selectivity of nitrite is accomplished by a highly specific diazotization reaction between nitrite and p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA). In the presence of nitrite, p-PDA easily reacts to form the diazonium cation in the acidic aqueous solution. By alkalization of the reaction mixture, diazonium cation of p-PDA was converted to an aryl radical to form aggregated CNDs, which causes the change in the photoluminescent intensity of CNDs. In the present method, nitrite can be selectively detected down to 1 μM over several anions, such as nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, fluoride, chloride, and bromide at mM levels.