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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Amplified Pain.

Ciaran Clarke1

  • 1H.S.E. Dublin North City & County C.A.M.H.S., Metropolitan Building, James Joyce Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.

Case Reports in Psychiatry
|June 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Heightened pain sensitivity is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Recognizing atypical pain presentation in ASD is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate care.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by core deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
  • Altered sensory processing, including heightened sensitivities, is increasingly recognized as a significant feature across all sensory modalities in individuals with ASD.
  • Unusual pain experiences and expressions are not widely acknowledged as a common presenting symptom of ASD in general pediatric settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing atypical pain sensitivity and expression in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • To illustrate how failure to identify ASD as a cause of chronic pain can lead to diagnostic delays and suboptimal treatment.
  • To underscore the need for increased physician awareness of the link between ASD and chronic pain.

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Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli
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A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
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Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of two individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (specifically, Asperger's Syndrome subtype).
  • Review of clinical presentations focusing on chronic, unusual pain experiences.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and treatment implications.

Main Results:

  • The presented cases demonstrate late diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder in individuals experiencing chronic and atypical pain.
  • Atypical pain experience and expression in individuals with ASD can be easily overlooked by healthcare professionals.
  • Delayed recognition of ASD in the context of chronic pain can result in inappropriate medical interventions and increased patient distress.

Conclusions:

  • Pain perception and manifestation in Autism Spectrum Disorder can differ significantly from neurotypical individuals.
  • The atypical nature of pain in ASD necessitates greater awareness among physicians, particularly those managing chronic pain conditions.
  • Improved recognition of pain as a potential indicator of ASD is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management, preventing further disability and distress.