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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterial science
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) have diverse applications, but their behavior in complex environments differs from idealized conditions.
  • A biomolecule corona forms on NMs, altering their properties and interactions.
  • Understanding corona formation is vital for predicting NM impacts in biological and environmental systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the concept of NM corona formation and evolution.
  • To link corona signatures to nano-bio interface effects in physiological and environmental systems.
  • To present a multidisciplinary approach for analyzing corona profiles and their impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing literature on NM corona formation.
  • Analysis of biophysical forces regulating corona assembly.
  • Development of a tiered, multidisciplinary approach for corona characterization.
  • Introduction of the 'nanologicals' concept for targeted NM interactions.

Main Results:

  • The protein/biomolecule corona critically influences NM identity and behavior in biological and environmental settings.
  • Corona signatures correlate with nano-bio interface effects.
  • A comprehensive approach is proposed for mechanistic understanding of corona impacts.
  • Potential roles of the corona in NM-microbiome-(human)host interactions are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper mechanistic understanding of NM corona formation and evolution is mandatory for safe and effective applications.
  • The proposed multidisciplinary approach and 'nanologicals' concept offer new avenues for research.
  • Further research is needed to address unresolved challenges in NM-corona interactions.