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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

2.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.3K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Modular Approach to Spintronics.

Kerem Yunus Camsari1, Samiran Ganguly1, Supriyo Datta1

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IN, 47907.

Scientific Reports
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes a modular approach for spintronics and nanomagnetics, creating elemental modules to accelerate the design and analysis of future memory devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics and Nanomagnetics
  • Materials Science
  • Device Physics

Background:

  • Significant advancements in combining spintronics and magnetics have revolutionized memory device technology.
  • Continuous discovery of new materials and phenomena offers potential building blocks for future transistor-like devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a quantitative foundation for a modular building block approach in spintronics and nanomagnetics.
  • To enable rapid integration, analysis, and evaluation of new discoveries into functional device concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Benchmarking elemental modules against existing theory and experimental data.
  • Developing a library of standardized modules representing diverse materials and phenomena.
  • Establishing protocols for integrating modules to model complex spintronic and nanomagnetic devices.

Main Results:

  • A set of well-benchmarked elemental modules for spintronics and nanomagnetics has been established.
  • These modules can be seamlessly integrated to model composite devices.
  • Protocols for a modular approach are defined to bridge materials science and circuit design.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed modular approach provides a quantitative framework for advancing spintronics and nanomagnetics.
  • This framework facilitates the rapid development and critical evaluation of novel device concepts.
  • The library of modules is designed to evolve, ensuring its continued relevance as the field progresses.