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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

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As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

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Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
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[Enteropathy due to olmesartan].

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Investigation of Xenobiotics Metabolism In Salix alba Leaves via Mass Spectrometry Imaging
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[Enteropathy due to olmesartan].

M Ould Sidi Mohamed1, P Colardelle1

  • 1Centre hospitalier André-Mignot, Versailles, France.

Annales De Cardiologie Et D'Angeiologie
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Olmesartan, a hypertension medication, can cause serious gastrointestinal issues like villous atrophy. This case highlights the importance of considering olmesartan-induced enteropathy in patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Olmesartan is a widely prescribed angiotensin II receptor blocker for hypertension.
  • Gastrointestinal side effects of olmesartan, though rare, are increasingly recognized.

Observation:

  • A patient developed chronic diarrhea and weight loss after 3 years of olmesartan use.
  • Endoscopic and biopsy findings revealed duodenal villous atrophy, lymphocytic infiltrate, and erosive esophagitis.

Findings:

  • Discontinuation of olmesartan led to rapid symptom resolution.
  • Reintroduction of olmesartan promptly reproduced the gastrointestinal symptoms and histological abnormalities.
  • Histological examination confirmed duodenal villous atrophy and lymphocytic enteritis.

Implications:

Keywords:
EnteropathyEntéropathiesOlmesartan

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  • This case underscores the need for awareness of olmesartan-induced enteropathy among clinicians.
  • Early recognition and drug withdrawal can prevent severe gastrointestinal complications.
  • Further research may identify predictive factors for this adverse drug reaction.