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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
7.1K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.7K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.9K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Filtration00:53

Filtration

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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
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A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration
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Silver Dissolution and Release from Ceramic Water Filters.

Anjuliee M Mittelman1, Daniele S Lantagne1, Justine Rayner1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Silver release from ceramic water filters can be reduced by avoiding saline, hard, or acidic water conditions. Regular filter replacement is recommended to maintain microbiological efficacy and minimize health risks from silver nanoparticles (nAg) or silver nitrate (AgNO3).

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ceramic water filters enhanced with silver nanoparticles (nAg) or silver nitrate (AgNO3) improve microbiological efficacy.
  • However, silver release poses health risks and diminishes filter performance over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate silver elution from ceramic filters by assessing nanoparticle detachment, dissolution, and cation exchange.
  • To determine silver retention under varying influent water chemistries.

Main Methods:

  • Filter disks treated with casein-coated nAg or AgNO3 were exposed to different pH (5-9), ionic strengths (1-50 mM), and cation species (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+).
  • Dissolved silver (Ag+) and nAg release were quantified.

Main Results:

  • Silver elution was primarily governed by Ag+ dissolution and subsequent cation exchange, irrespective of the initial silver form.
  • Effluent silver concentrations remained below the 0.1 mg/L drinking water standard only under specific conditions (pH 7, 10 mM NaNO3).
  • Elevated silver levels (5-10 times the standard) were observed in acidic, hard, or high ionic strength waters.

Conclusions:

  • Influent water chemistry significantly impacts silver elution from ceramic water filters.
  • Avoiding saline, hard, or acidic water conditions is crucial for minimizing silver release.
  • Regular filter replacement is advised to ensure continued effectiveness and safety.