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Hemoglobin01:24

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
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Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
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Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 9, 2015

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Special delivery: microparticles convey heme.

Gregory M Vercellotti1

  • 1UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA.

Blood
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Microparticles from sickle red blood cells deliver toxic heme to blood vessel cells, causing injury and promoting blockages in sickle cell disease (SCD). This research reveals a key mechanism driving SCD complications.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal red blood cells.
  • Vasoocclusion and end-organ damage are hallmarks of SCD pathology.
  • The role of microparticles in SCD pathogenesis is an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which microparticles derived from sickle erythrocytes contribute to vascular injury in SCD.
  • To determine if these microparticles deliver heme to endothelial cells and induce cellular activation.
  • To elucidate the role of this heme delivery in promoting vasoocclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of microparticles from sickle erythrocytes.
  • Co-culture of endothelial cells with sickle-derived microparticles.

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  • Assessment of heme transfer and endothelial cell activation markers.
  • In vivo models to evaluate the impact on vasoocclusion.

    • Main Results:

    • Microparticles derived from sickle erythrocytes were shown to transfer heme to vascular endothelial cells.
    • Heme delivery led to significant endothelial cell activation and injury.
    • These microparticles were found to promote vasoocclusion in experimental models.

    Conclusions:

    • Microparticles from sickle erythrocytes are potent mediators of vascular damage in SCD.
    • Heme delivery by these microparticles is a critical mechanism contributing to endothelial dysfunction and vasoocclusion.
    • Targeting these microparticles or their heme-carrying capacity may offer novel therapeutic strategies for SCD.