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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

2.4K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

1.7K
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
1.0K
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

1.0K
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
1.0K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
2.7K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

4.2K
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

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Dofetilide induced trigeminal neuralgia.

Hayan Al Maluli1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Anti-arrhythmic drugs can cause rare side effects. This case report details trigeminal neuralgia, a severe nerve pain, as an unusual reaction to dofetilide, an anti-arrhythmic medication.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anti-arrhythmic medications are crucial for managing cardiac arrhythmias but carry a risk of pro-arrhythmic effects.
  • Idiosyncratic drug reactions can occur with any medication, potentially leading to severe adverse events unrelated to the drug's primary mechanism.
  • Such reactions may necessitate the discontinuation of otherwise effective treatments.

Observation:

  • A patient experienced trigeminal neuralgia, a neuropathic facial pain condition.
  • The onset of trigeminal neuralgia was temporally associated with the use of dofetilide, a Class III anti-arrhythmic agent.
  • The patient's symptoms were severe enough to warrant consideration of treatment alteration.

Findings:

  • Dofetilide, primarily used for atrial fibrillation and flutter, was identified as a potential cause of trigeminal neuralgia in this case.
Keywords:
Adverse effectsdofetilidetrigeminal neuralgia

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  • This represents an idiosyncratic reaction, as trigeminal neuralgia is not a known or expected side effect of dofetilide's mechanism of action.
  • The case highlights a rare neurological adverse event linked to a commonly prescribed anti-arrhythmic drug.

    • Implications:

    • Clinicians should consider rare idiosyncratic reactions, including neurological symptoms like trigeminal neuralgia, when patients on dofetilide develop new-onset severe pain.
    • This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for atypical adverse drug reactions to anti-arrhythmic therapies.
    • Further investigation into the potential for dofetilide to induce neurological side effects may be warranted to improve patient safety and treatment strategies.