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Update on type 2 diabetes-related osteoporosis
Kannikar Wongdee1, Narattaphol Charoenphandhu1
1Kannikar Wongdee, Narattaphol Charoenphandhu, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
World Journal of Diabetes
|June 13, 2015
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) negatively impacts bone health, causing defects and impaired growth. Research reveals T2DM compromises bone structure and cell function, contrary to previous beliefs about weight gain benefits.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Bone Biology
- Metabolic Bone Diseases
Background:
- Previously, obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was thought to benefit bone mineral density and skeletal integrity.
- Emerging evidence indicates T2DM is linked to trabecular defects, increased cortical porosity, and compromised bone cell function and mechanical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the detrimental effects of T2DM on bone health, including microstructure, mechanical properties, and longitudinal bone growth.
- To explore the role of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in T2DM-associated bone pathology.
Main Methods:
- Studies in T2DM rats were used to examine bone microstructure and growth plate chondrocyte differentiation.
- Analysis focused on the impact of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia on bone health.
Main Results:
- T2DM is associated with trabecular defects, increased cortical porosity, and impaired osteoblast function.
- Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance contribute to osteoblast apoptosis and uncoupled bone turnover.
- T2DM impairs longitudinal bone growth by arresting growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and potentially inducing apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- Contrary to prior beliefs, T2DM significantly compromises bone quality and structure, increasing fracture risk.
- Dyslipidemia can mask T2DM-related bone changes.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in bone cells and growth plate chondrocytes.
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