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Cellular models to study bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Biju Viswanath1, Sam P Jose2, Alessio Squassina3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India; Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular models reveal biological insights into bipolar disorder (BD). Key findings include altered calcium signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress, often reversed by lithium treatment, paving the way for new research avenues.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderCell modelFibroblastLymphoblastOlfactoryPluripotent

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Growing interest in cellular models for psychiatric disorders.
  • Systematic review of cellular models for bipolar disorder (BD) research.
  • Focus on understanding the biological underpinnings of BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the application of cellular models in bipolar disorder research.
  • To identify key biological pathways implicated in BD using cellular models.
  • To assess the utility of different cell types in modeling BD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and SCOPUS databases.
  • Inclusion criteria: studies using cell cultures derived from BD patients.
  • Search terms included cell types (lymphoblastoid, fibroblast, pluripotent stem cells, olfactory epithelium) and bipolar disorder.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 65 lymphoblastoid cell line studies, 14 fibroblast studies, 4 olfactory neuronal epithelium (ONE) studies, and 2 induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) studies.
  • Consistent findings of abnormalities in calcium signaling, ER stress, mitochondrial function, ion channels, circadian rhythm, and apoptosis.
  • Observed abnormalities are exacerbated by cellular stressors and often reversed by in-vitro lithium treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular models are valuable tools for BD research, identifying pathways related to cellular resilience.
  • Findings align with genome-wide association, brain-imaging, and post-mortem studies.
  • Olfactory neuronal epithelium (ONE) and IPSC-derived neurons represent advanced models for future BD research.
  • Future directions include family-based studies, deep sequencing, and genetic manipulation.